RTA

Kidney Stones, Proteinuria and Renal Tubular Metabolic Acidosis: What Is the Link?

Kidney stone disease represents a rare cause of chronic kidney disease (2–3%) but has severe clinical consequences. Type 1 renal tubular acidosis is a strong lithogenic condition mainly related to primary Sjögren syndrome. This study aimed to illustrate an unusual presentation of Sjögren syndrome to improve the knowledge about rare kidney stone diseases, and to … Leggi tutto

2 – Nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis in children Kidney International (2012) 82, 493–497; doi:10.1038/ki.2012.142

Correction to: Kidney International (2011) 80:1278–1291; doi:10.1038/ki.2011.336 In the above-cited article, Table 2 was published with incorrect alignment of age ranges and erroneous unit changes concerning the cystine and urate excretion levels. The urate gram units needed to be multiplied by 10. In Table 1, the diagnosis related to NPT2a mutations should read ‘Urolithiasis, osteoporosis, … Leggi tutto

Genetics of kidney stone disease

Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis) is a common problem that can be associated with alterations in urinary solute composition including hypercalciuria. Studies suggest that the prevalence of monogenic kidney stone disorders, including renal tubular acidosis with deafness, Bartter syndrome, primary hyperoxaluria and cystinuria, in patients attending kidney stone clinics is ∼15%. However, for the majority of … Leggi tutto

Genetics of kidney stone disease—Polygenic meets monogenic

Kidney stone disease comprising nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis is a clinical syndrome of increasing prevalence with remarkable heterogeneity. Stone composition, age of manifestation, rate of recurrence, and impairment of kidney function varies with underlying etiologies. While calcium-based kidney stones account for the vast majority their etiology is still poorly understood. Recent studies underline the notion that … Leggi tutto

Distal renal tubular acidosis: ERKNet/ESPN clinical practice points

Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized by an impaired ability of the distal tubule to excrete acid, leading to metabolic acidosis. Associated complications include bone disease, growth failure, urolithiasis and hypokalaemia. Due to its rarity, there is limited evidence to guide diagnosis and management; however, available data strongly suggest that metabolic control of the … Leggi tutto

Genetic defects underlying renal stone disease

Renal stones are common and are usually secondary to risk factors affecting the solubility of substances in the urinary tract. Primary, that is genetic, causes are rare but nevertheless are important to recognise so that appropriate treatments can be instigated and the risks to other family members acknowledged. A brief overview of the investigation of … Leggi tutto

IgM-Positive Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Associated With Asymptomatic Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is an inflammatory disorder in renal tubules and interstitium without the involvement of glomerular lesions.1TIN is often induced by drugs and infections, but idiopathic or systemic diseaserelated forms have also been observed. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an immunemediated chronic and progressive cholestatic liver disease. Laboratory data show increased serum values of … Leggi tutto

An expanded syndrome of dRTA with hearing loss, hyperoxaluria and beta2-microglobulinuria

We describe a 7-month-old male with atypical features of autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) with sensorineural hearing loss. Uncharacteristically, he presented with mild acidosis, hypokalaemia and hypocalciuria as well as unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Subsequent investigations led to the discovery of both hyperoxaluria and beta2-microglobulinuria, thereby expanding the differential diagnosis to include both … Leggi tutto