Loss of function mutations in the CYP24A1 gene, involved in vitamin D catabolism and in calcium homeostasis, are known to be the genetic drivers of both idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH) and adult renal stone disease. Recently, also defects in the SLC34A1 gene, encoding for the renal sodium-phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa, were associated with the disease. IIH … Leggi tutto
Carbamazepin antagonizes the vitamin D-mediated suppression of secondary hyperparathyroidism: pathogenesis and therapeutical options Abstract. This commentary updates: 1) the patophisiology responsible for carbamazepine-induced resistance to paricalcitol suppression of PTH in CKD; 2) the contribution of vitamin D deficiency to the adverse effects of carbamazepine; 3) the benefits of cholecalciferol supplementation either alone or in combination … Leggi tutto
Loss-of-function mutations of vitamin D-24 hydroxylase have recently been recognized as a cause of hypercalcaemia and nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis in infants and adults. True prevalence and natural history of this condition are still to be defined. … Probands had recurrent nephrolithiasis, chronic hypercalcaemia with depressed parathyroid hormone (PTH) and increased 1,25(OH)2D levels; carriers had nephrolithiasis (two of … Leggi tutto
Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis) is a common problem that can be associated with alterations in urinary solute composition including hypercalciuria. Studies suggest that the prevalence of monogenic kidney stone disorders, including renal tubular acidosis with deafness, Bartter syndrome, primary hyperoxaluria and cystinuria, in patients attending kidney stone clinics is ∼15%. However, for the majority of … Leggi tutto
Kidney stone disease comprising nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis is a clinical syndrome of increasing prevalence with remarkable heterogeneity. Stone composition, age of manifestation, rate of recurrence, and impairment of kidney function varies with underlying etiologies. While calcium-based kidney stones account for the vast majority their etiology is still poorly understood. Recent studies underline the notion that … Leggi tutto
Fig. in Genetics of kidney stone disease Nature Reviews | Urology 0
Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH) is characterized by severe hypercalcemia with failure to thrive, vomiting, dehydration, and nephrocalcinosis. Recently, mutations in the vitamin D catabolizing enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1)weredescribed that lead to increased sensitivity to vitaminD due to accumulation of the active metabolite 1,25-(OH)2D3. In a subgroup of patients who presented in early infancy with renal … Leggi tutto