Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of nephrolithiasis

…  Results We identified 24,290 and 19,576 eligible users of SGLT2Is and GLP1 RAs, respectively. After matching, 12,325 patient pairs remained. The median age was 61 years and median follow-up was 2.0 years. The nephrolithiasis rate was 2.0 per 1000 person-years in SGLT2I initiators compared with 4.0 per 1000 person-years in GLP1 RA initiators, with a rate difference of −1.9 per 1000 person-years (95%CI −2.8, −1.0) and an HR of 0.51 (95% CI 0.37, 0.71). For recurrent nephrolithiasis (n = 731 patient pairs), the rate difference was −17 per 1000 person-years (95% CI −33, −1.5) and the HR was 0.68 (95% CI 0.48, 0.97).  Conclusions/interpretation Initiation of treatment with SGLT2Is was associated with a clinically significant reduced risk of incident and recurrent nephrolithiasis.