the diet, host metabolism, and microbial metabolism. The microbial contribution to these compounds is perhaps the most variable given the immense diversity and interindividual variability of microbes inhabiting hosts (microbiome) and the plasticity of host associated microbial communities over time.
Recent analyses have found significant associations between antibiotic use and the onset of urolithiasis as well as between urolithiasis and microbiome composition , which suggest that the microbiome influences the onset of urolithiasis.
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